非典型分支杆菌(简称AM)系指除人型、牛型结核杆菌及麻疯杆菌以外的分支杆菌而言。由非典型分支杆菌引起的肺部疾病称为非典型分支杆菌肺病(简称AM肺病)。此外,还可引起肺外病变,如侵犯淋巴结、脑膜、脊髓等。现时的AM综合分类,即为Runyon分类法。Runyon的四组菌(Ⅰ、光产色菌,Ⅱ、暗产色菌,Ⅲ、不产色菌,Ⅵ、速生菌)的菌型鉴定有助于确定或排除菌种在感染中所起的作用。近几年来,结核病已有明显的下降趋势,但在以前不被人们所注意的AM病却有上升趋势,因而,医务人员需要提高识别AM的能力。流行情况 AM在世界上分布广泛,但其分布情况有较明 Atypical mycobacterium (AM) refers to mycobacterium except Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium leprae. Lung disease caused by atypical mycobacteria is called atypical mycobacterium tuberculosis (AM lung disease). In addition, it can cause extrapulmonary lesions, such as violations of lymph nodes, meninges, spinal cord and so on. The current AM integrated classification, which is Runyon classification. The identification of the fungi of Runyon’s four groups of bacteria (Ⅰ, photofermentum, Ⅱ, dark producing bacteria, Ⅲ, non-producing bacteria, Ⅵ, and probiotics) helps to identify or eliminate effect. In recent years, there has been a marked downward trend in tuberculosis, but there is an upward trend in AM disease that has not been previously noticed. Therefore, medical staffs need to improve their ability to recognize AM. The prevalence of AM in the world widely distributed, but its distribution is more clear