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大气是核电站向环境排放放射性物质的主要途径。作为核电站主要堆型的轻水堆,其排出的废气主要成份为氙(~(133)Xe、~(135)Xe、~(138)Xe等)、氪(~(85)Kr、~(88)Kr等)等惰性气体和一定数量的氚、碳—14、碘—131及其它气溶胶。以气体、蒸汽和气溶胶形式进入大气的气载放射性将通过大气混合过程向下风向传输和弥散。向下风向迁移的放射性烟云不仅直接引起对居民的β、γ外照射,而且通过吸入途径产生内照射危害。此外,由于干湿沉积造成的地表放射性污染将通过三条主要
The atmosphere is the main way for nuclear power stations to discharge radioactive material to the environment. As the main reactor of the light water reactor, the main components of exhaust gas discharged from the reactor are xenon (~ (133) Xe, ~ (135) Xe, ~ (138) Xe and so on) ) Kr, etc.) and a certain amount of tritium, carbon-14, iodine-131 and other aerosols. Airborne radioactivity entering the atmosphere in the form of gases, vapors and aerosols will be transmitted and dispersed downwind by atmospheric mixing. Downward wind migration of radioactive clouds of fume not only directly cause residents outside the β, γ external radiation, but also by the inhalation route to produce internal exposure hazards. In addition, radioactive contamination of the surface due to wet and dry deposition will pass three major