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目的了解广州市春季小学教学环境PM2.5质量浓度对学生呼吸系统的影响。方法监测春季小学教学环境PM2.5质量浓度,通过学生同期症状监测网和学生体检获得学生的肺功能指标(FVC、FEV1、MMEF)和症状指标(咳嗽、咽痛、鼻炎)等健康指标,从而分析各健康指标与小学教学环境PM2.5质量浓度的关系。结果春季小学教学环境PM2.5平均质量浓度越秀区最高,南沙区最低;而反映学生肺功能的指标(FVC、FEV1、MMEF)则以越秀区低,南沙区最高,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);PM2.5质量浓度与学生肺功能指标(FVC、FEV1、MMEF)呈显著的负相关关系,相关系数分别为-0.839(P<0.05)、-0.828(P<0.05)、-0.847(P<0.05);三个区学生咳嗽、咽痛发生率越秀区最高,南沙区最低,PM2.5质量浓度与咳嗽、咽痛的发生率分别呈显著的正相关关系,相关系数分别为0.975(P<0.05)、0.999(P<0.05);三个区学生鼻炎的发生率差异无统计学意义。结论教学环境PM2.5质量浓度对小学生呼吸系统功能有影响,与学生肺功能指标FVC、FEV1、MMEF呈显著负相关,与学生晨检指标咳嗽、咽痛的发生率呈显著正相关关系。
Objective To understand the effect of PM2.5 concentration on the respiratory system of students in spring primary school in Guangzhou. Methods The PM2.5 concentration in spring primary school teaching environment was monitored. Health indicators such as FVC (FEV1, MMEF) and symptoms (cough, sore throat and rhinitis) were obtained from students ’Symptomatic Monitoring Network and students’ physical examinations. Analysis of the relationship between health indicators and PM2.5 concentration in primary school teaching environment. Results The average concentration of PM2.5 in spring primary school was the highest in Yuexiu District and the lowest in Nansha District. The indexes reflecting the pulmonary function of students (FVC, FEV1, MMEF) were the lowest in Yuexiu District and the highest in Nansha District, and the difference was statistically significant P <0.05). There was a significant negative correlation between PM2.5 concentration and FVC, FEV1 and MMEF, and the correlation coefficients were -0.839 (P <0.05), -0.828 (P <0.05) 0.847 (P <0.05). The incidences of cough and sore throat in the three districts were the highest in Yuexiu District, the lowest in Nansha District, the PM2.5 concentrations were significantly correlated with the occurrence rates of cough and sore throat respectively, and the correlation coefficients were 0.975 (P <0.05), 0.999 (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of rhinitis among the three districts. Conclusion PM2.5 concentration in teaching environment has an impact on the respiratory system function of primary school students. There is a significant negative correlation between PM2.5 concentration and students’ FVC, FEV1 and MMEF, and positive correlation with the incidence of cough and sore throat.