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通过对克拉玛依农业开发区土地开发前后浅层地下水和土壤理化性质的对比分析,揭示了土地开发后开发区水土环境特征。结果表明:土地开发后克拉玛依农业开发区水土环境发生了明显变化,集中体现在浅层地下水位抬升并伴随水质的冲淡、耕作层脱盐并伴随土壤肥力的下降。开发区内灌溉区浅层地下水受灌溉回归水的补给有持续上升的态势,并表现出明显的年际变化规律和季节变化规律;远离开发区的荒漠区受灌溉水影响较小,浅层地下水位变化不大,但开发区内未开垦荒地和开发区(绿洲)与荒漠过渡带受绿洲内部灌溉过程的影响,地下水位呈现缓慢上升之势;开发区浅层地下水水质受灌溉的影响,水质虽有所淡化,但矿化度依然很高,不能用于灌溉。已开垦土地因得到灌溉水的冲洗土壤盐分含量明显下降,但由于重用轻养,土壤肥力也明显下降,而且主要养分要素含量呈现出空间上的不平衡性;不同土地利用方式下土壤理化性质的优劣依次综合表现为人工牧草地、耕地、荒漠林地、人工林地。
By analyzing the physical and chemical properties of shallow groundwater and soil before and after land development in Karamay Agricultural Development Zone, the characteristics of soil and water environment in the development zone after land development are revealed. The results showed that there was a significant change in the soil and water environment in the Karamay Agricultural Development Zone after the land was developed. The changes were mainly reflected in the elevation of shallow groundwater level accompanied by the dilution of water quality, the desalination of farming layer and the decline of soil fertility. The recharge of shallow groundwater in the irrigated area under irrigation by irrigation has been on a continuous upward trend with obvious interannual variation and seasonal variation. The desert area far away from the development zone is less affected by irrigated water. The shallow groundwater However, the untreated wasteland and development zone (oasis) and desert transition zone in the development zone are affected by the internal irrigation process in the oasis, and the groundwater level shows a slowly rising trend. The shallow groundwater quality in the development zone is affected by irrigation and water quality Although desalination, but the salinity is still high, can not be used for irrigation. The soil salinity of reclaimed land was obviously decreased due to irrigated water irrigation. However, due to the re-use of light soil, the soil fertility decreased obviously, and the main nutrient elements showed a spatial imbalance. The soil physical and chemical properties under different land use patterns In turn, the advantages and disadvantages of artificial pasture, arable land, desert forest land, artificial forest land.