一、时务学堂的创办经过1895年甲午战争惨败,惊醒了中国朝野士人,“兵战不如商战,商战不如学战”,成为一时士论;早期维新人士提出的废科举、兴学校的呼声此时更为强烈。1896年(光绪二十二年五月初二日),刑部侍郎李瑞芬上《请推广学校折》,向清廷疏请设立京师大学堂,并建议让地方各省、府、州、县遍设学堂①。总理各国事务衙门旋即议奏:“请由各省督抚酌拟办法,或就原有书院量加程课,或另建书院肄习专门。”②此后,一些地方督抚纷纷奏请开办新式学堂。湖南巡抚陈宝箴则积极筹虑创办新学堂之事。1896年 First, the school was founded after the defeat of the Sino-Japanese War of 1895, awakened Chinese scholars and scholars, “war is not as good as war, war is not as good as business school warfare”, became a matter of time; early liberalization of the imperial civil examinations, hing school voice When more intense. In 1896 (Guangxu twenty-two years on May 2), the Ministry of Punishments assistant Li Ruifen on “Please promote the school discount”, to the Qing dynasty, please set up the Imperial College, and suggested that the local provinces, prefectures, prefectures and counties throughout the school ① . As soon as the premier’s affairs in various countries were promptly called out, “Governors and governors of all provinces should be invited to make proposals or to take extra courses or to establish a special college or college.” ② Since then, some local governors have invited the establishment of new schools. Hunan governor Chen Po-zhen actively considered setting up a new school. 1896