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利用2012年4月至2013年3月在同安湾进行的定置网渔业资源调查资料,探讨了该海域鱼类多样性及平均营养级特征。结果表明,周年逐月共鉴定鱼类112种,隶属于15目53科88属。渔获物组成以沿岸小型底层鱼类为主,其中中上层鱼类15种,中下层鱼类18种,底层鱼类79种;暖水性种类84种,暖温性种类28种,亚热带动物区系特征明显;杂食性鱼类8种,低级肉食性鱼类71种,中级肉食性鱼类30种,高级肉食性鱼类3种,以低级肉食性鱼类为主。中华海鲶(Tachysurus sinensis)是夏、秋、冬三季的优势种,六指多指马鲅(Polydactylus sextarius)、锯脊塘鳢(Butis koilomatodon)和髭缟鰕虎鱼(Tridentiger barbatus)是春、冬两季的优势种。重量和尾数多样性指数最高值均在11月,分别为3.26和3.29;最低值均在2月,分别为1.78和1.77。鱼类种类存在明显的季节更替现象,其月更替率6月最低,为40.1%;3月最高,达68.6%。鱼类平均营养级也存在明显的季节变化,其中3月最低,为3.02;1月最高,为3.92;周年平均营养级为3.52。与2003年调查资料相比,鱼类种类数明显减少,鱼类组成和优势种发生了很大的变化,导致变化的主要原因可能是过度捕捞、栖息地破坏和环境污染等。
Based on the survey data of the fishery resources in the set network conducted in Tong’an Bay from April 2012 to March 2013, the characteristics of fish diversity and average trophic level in this area were discussed. The results showed that 112 species of fish were identified month by month, belonging to 15 orders, 53 families and 88 genera. The catches are mainly composed of small coastal fish, including 15 species of pelagic, 18 species of middle and lower strata, 79 species of bottom fish, 84 species of warm water and 28 species of warm and warm species. The subtropical fauna There were 8 omnivorous fish species, 71 low carnivorous fish species, 30 medium carnivorous fish species and 3 high-level carnivorous fish species, mainly low-grade carnivorous fish. Tachysurus sinensis is the dominant species in summer, autumn and winter. The species Polydactylus sextarius, Butis koilomatodon and Tridentiger barbatus are spring and winter Two seasons of the dominant species. The highest values of weight and mantissa diversity index were in November, which were 3.26 and 3.29, respectively. The lowest values were all in February, at 1.78 and 1.77 respectively. There was a clear seasonal change in fish species, the monthly turnover of the lowest in June, was 40.1%; the highest in March, up 68.6%. The average trophic level of fish also showed obvious seasonal changes, of which the lowest in March was 3.02, the highest in January was 3.92 and the average annual trophic level was 3.52. Compared with the 2003 survey data, the number of fish species decreased significantly, and the composition and dominant species of fish changed greatly. The main reason for the change may be over-fishing, habitat destruction and environmental pollution.