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目的分析白内障患者手术引发焦虑的相关因素。方法157例白内障手术患者参加调查。在术前1～2周,手术前,手术结束后和术后第2天分别测量患者状态性焦虑水平。同时在术前测量影响患者焦虑的因素:性别、年龄、受教育水平、经济负担、社会支持、应对方式、手术方式、第一/第二只术眼、治疗信息的了解程度等。结果状态焦虑评分在4个时点分别为:T14.5±2,T24.5±1.87,T32.75±0.85,T43.25±1.2(F=12.61P<0.001)。单因素分析发现性别、术前视功能、第一/二只眼、特质焦虑、社会支持、手术相关知识与术前术后的状态性焦虑相关有显著性。多元线性回归分析显示,年龄、性别、术前视功能、特质焦虑、社会支持和手术相关知识是术前状态性焦虑的预测因素。而术后状态性焦虑的预测因素为性别、术前视功能、第一/二只眼、特质焦虑、社会支持和知识。结论患者的特质焦虑水平、女性、对手术治疗相关信息的掌握程度、术前的视功能水平及社会功能等变量是术前、术后焦虑稳定的预测因素。
Objective To analyze the related factors of anxiety caused by surgery in cataract patients. Methods 157 cases of cataract surgery patients to participate in the survey. The level of state anxiety was measured at 1 to 2 weeks before operation, before operation, after operation and on the 2nd day after operation. At the same time, preoperative measurement of factors affecting the patient’s anxiety: gender, age, level of education, financial burden, social support, coping styles, surgical methods, the first / second eye, the level of understanding of treatment information. Results The scores of state anxiety at four time points were T14.5 ± 2, T24.5 ± 1.87, T32.75 ± 0.85 and T43.25 ± 1.2 (F = 12.61 P <0.001). Univariate analysis showed that gender, preoperative visual function, first / second eye, trait anxiety, social support, surgical knowledge and preoperative and postoperative state anxiety correlated significantly. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that age, gender, preoperative visual function, trait anxiety, social support and surgery-related knowledge were predictors of preoperative state anxiety. The predictors of postoperative state anxiety were gender, preoperative visual function, first / second eye, trait anxiety, social support and knowledge. Conclusions The level of trait anxiety, the level of mastery of female patients, the information about surgical treatment, the level of preoperative visual function and social function are the predictors of preoperative and postoperative anxiety stability.