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对于大众文化来说 ,“伤寒玛丽”是一个形象的隐喻。作为“带菌的文化” ,它一直处于被“除菌”的过程中。但值得注意的是 ,2 0世纪以来关于大众文化的三次讨论 ,其背后隐含的诉求和文化目标是极不相同的。五四时期“还文学于平民”的口号所针对的是封建的“贵族文学” ,实现的是建设“新文化”的目标 ;30年代到 4 0年代的讨论将农民文化置换了大众文化 ,它的诉求是建设一个现代民族国家的民众动员 ;90年代讨论的是现代意义上的大众文化。但时代的转型已使知识分子的话语成了强弩之末 ,它丧失了批判的有效性的同时 ,也使自己成了另一意义上的“文化带菌者”。
For popular culture, Typhoid Mary is an image metaphor. As a “fungal culture,” it has been “sterilized” in the process. However, it is worth noting that the three demands of public discussion on popular culture since the 20th century have very different demands and cultural goals. In the May 4th Movement, “the return of literature to civilians” was aimed at the feudal “aristocratic literature” and achieved the goal of building a “new culture.” Discussions in the 1930s and 40s replaced the peasant culture with popular culture. Is the mobilization of the people in building a modern nation-state; the discussion in the 90’s is the mass culture in the modern sense. However, the transformation of the times has made the discourse of intellectuals a spent force. It has lost the validity of criticism and at the same time made itself a “cultural carrier” in another sense.