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目的了解2~4岁儿童正常的语言发育规律。方法上海第二医科大学附属新华医院、上海儿童医学中心于2001年3~6月,以713名24~47个月的儿童为研究对象,以问卷的形式,由父母报告小儿能自发表达的助词等和语法表达结构量。结果(1)男女儿童语法结构表达量的差异存在于24~35个月,女孩的表达量多于男孩。(2)名词-动词和动词-名词结构是最早掌握的短语结构,随后掌握的为“的”、“在”、“介词-名词”、“否定词-动词”、“名词-动词-名词”。30个月时有90%左右的小儿掌握这7个结构。结论掌握2~4岁儿童正常的语言发育规律,有利于专业人员对儿童的语言发育进行指导和评估,使幼教机构的语言教学以及特殊教育的语言康复做到科学、有序。
Objective To understand the normal development of children aged 2 ~ 4 years. Methods Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Second Medical University and Shanghai Children’s Medical Center investigated 713 children aged 24-47 months from March to June in 2001. The questionnaire was used to report the spontaneous expressions of children Etc., and grammar to express the amount of structure. Results (1) Differences in the grammatical structure of boys and girls existed between 24 and 35 months, and girls were more than boys. (2) Nouns - Verbs and Verbs - Nouns structures are the first to grasp the phrase structure, followed by mastered “,” “in”, “prepositions - nouns”, “negative words - verbs”, “nouns - verbs - nouns” . About 30% of children have mastered these seven structures at 30 months. Conclusion To grasp the normal development of children aged 2 ~ 4 years is helpful for the professionals to instruct and evaluate the children ’s language development, and make the language teaching of preschool education institutions and the language rehabilitation of special education scientific and orderly.