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目的分析昆明市农村中老年居民心血管疾病危险因素的流行现状及聚集性。方法在昆明市石林县采用按比例概率抽样方法抽取6006名45岁以上农村居民,通过问卷调查和体格检测进行心血管疾病危险因素的流行病学调查。结果该地村民吸烟、饮酒、超重、肥胖、中心性肥胖、心血管病家族史检出率、高血压和糖尿病的患病率分别为24.8%,24.3%,12.1%,2.2%,11.2%,4.6%,30.8%和7.0%;除心血管疾病家族史女性高于男性外,其余均是男性高于女性(P<0.05)。超重、肥胖和中心性肥胖的检出率60岁及以上组人群低于60岁以下组,而高血压和糖尿病的检出率则是60岁及以上组人群高于60岁以下组(P<0.05)。该地村民中无任何心血管疾病危险因素的比例为38.0%,女性高于男性(P<0.001);具有1个及以上心血管疾病危险因素的男性和女性的比例分别为83.8%和41.7%。结论石林县农村中老年居民存在较高的心血管疾病危险因素聚集性,应大力加强心血管疾病危险因素的干预工作。
Objective To analyze the prevalence and aggregation of risk factors of cardiovascular diseases among middle-aged and elderly residents in rural areas of Kunming. Methods A total of 6006 rural residents over the age of 45 were sampled in Shilin County, Kunming by proportional sampling method. The epidemiological investigation of cardiovascular risk factors was conducted by questionnaire and physical examination. Results The prevalence rates of smoking, drinking, overweight, obesity, central obesity, family history of cardiovascular disease, hypertension and diabetes were 24.8%, 24.3%, 12.1%, 2.2%, 11.2% 4.6%, 30.8% and 7.0%, respectively. Except for the family history of cardiovascular disease, the female was higher than the male and the rest were higher than the female (P <0.05). The prevalence of overweight, obesity and central obesity was lower in those aged 60 years and older than those under 60 years old, while the prevalence of hypertension and diabetes in those aged 60 and over was higher than those under 60 (P < 0.05). There were 38.0% of villagers without risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, and more women than men (P <0.001). The proportion of men and women with one or more cardiovascular risk factors was 83.8% and 41.7% . Conclusion Middle-aged and elderly residents in rural areas of Shilin County have higher aggregation of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Intervention to risk factors of cardiovascular diseases should be strengthened.