一、含义回顾性调查(Retrospective studies)亦称病例-对照研究(Case-Controlstudies),是指在某一事件或疾病(如麻风、畸残、亚临床感染、社会心理问题等)发生以后进行的调查,即在选定的“病例”(如病人、畸残者、亚临床感染者、有社会心理问题的人)和“对照”(如非病人、无畸残者、未感染的人,无社会心理问题的人)中以同样的方法调查他们是否曾暴露于某一因素及其程度,或有无某种特征及其大小,从而研究该因素或特征与一事件或疾病之间的联系程度,以探讨可能的病因或影响因素。这是一种“以果寻因”的调查,是分析性流行病学研究中应用最广的方法艺一。在麻风的流行病学和社会医学研究中,特别是探讨病因和危险因素时,此办法不需大量人力物力,即可在短时间内做多方面的调 First, the meaning of Retrospective studies (Retrospective studies), also known as case-control study (Case-Controlstudies), refers to an event or disease (such as leprosy, teratogenic, subclinical infection, social and psychological problems, etc.) Surveys were conducted in selected “cases” (eg, patients, persons with disabilities, subclinical infections, people with psychosocial problems) and “controls” (eg non-patients, people with no disabilities, uninfected people, Social psychological problems) to investigate whether they have been exposed to a certain factor and its extent, or whether there is a certain characteristic and its size in order to study the degree of connection between that factor or characteristic and an event or disease , To explore possible causes or influencing factors. This is a “search for causes” survey, which is the most widely used method in analytical epidemiological studies. In the leprosy epidemiology and social medical research, especially to explore the etiology and risk factors, this approach without a lot of manpower and resources, you can make a wide range of adjustments in a short period of time