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对文化与人格类型关系的研究是由美国人类学家本尼迪克特开创的,她提出了其建立在心理类型基础上的文化类型学。本尼迪克特沿袭德国哲学家尼采的提法,对比了“酒神型”和“日神型”气质,认为可以用它们来概括全部文化及个体的特征。她主张整合的文化是对合乎主导性格类型的习俗和价值进行历史选择的结果。在《文化模式》(1934年)
The study of the relationship between culture and personality type was initiated by the American anthropologist Benedict. She proposed the cultural typology based on the psychological type. Benedict follows the example of the German philosopher Nietzsche, comparing the temperament of “Bacchus” and “deity” with the view that they can be used to generalize the features of all cultures and individuals. She argues that an integrated culture is the result of a historic choice of practices and values that conform to the dominant genre. In the “cultural model” (1934)