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中国的早期现代化是在外力挑战下被迫启动的。政府作为应对挑战的主体,应当是现代化的倡导者、组织者、执行者,然而政府作用长期错位,以致错过了数次现代化的良机。殖民主义者的侵略、社会动荡与失控、传统执政文化熏染下的保守心态是其中主要原因。从辩证的角度审视中国早期现代化历程中的政府作用,吸取其中的经验和教训,对于当代中国的现代化建设仍然具有重要的借鉴意义。
China’s early modernization was forced to start under the challenge of external forces. As the main body to deal with the challenges, the government should be the advocator, organizer and implementer of modernization. However, the long-term dislocation of the government has missed many opportunities for modernization. The colonialist aggression, social unrest and loss of control, the conservative state of mind under the traditional ruling culture is the main reason. Examining the role of government in China’s early modernization from a dialectical perspective and drawing on its experience and lessons, it still has an important reference for the modernization of contemporary China.