本文认为 ,司马迁的天人思想是多重的 ,他既相信天命 ,却又对天命持怀疑的态度 ,进而在一些地方否定天命论。司马迁的多重天人观的形成 ,离不开以下几个因素 :司马迁的思想渊源 ,西汉时有了一定的发展但又并不发达的生产力和科学技术 This article argues that Sima Qian’s thought of nature and man is multiple. He not only believes in destiny but holds doubts about heavenly life, and in some places denies the theory of destiny. The formation of Sima Qian’s multiple outlooks of heaven and human beings can not be separated from the following factors: Sima Qian’s ideological origins, the development of a certain extent during the Western Han Dynasty but undeveloped productivity and science and technology