一、绪言 1930年郭克哥洛夫脱(Cockcroft)和华尔敦(Walton)首先用多级整流的高电压倍加器(简称高电压装置)把质子加速到150千电子伏,他们用这样加速的质子轰击锂靶,产生了第一个人工加速粒子所引起的原子核核嬗变。一年以后,万特克拉夫(Van de Graaff)发表了他的静电加速器,后者所产生粒子的能量和它的稳定度都比高电压装置为高,而建 I. INTRODUCTION In 1930, Cockcroft and Walton first accelerated the proton to 150 keV with a multi-stage rectified high-voltage doubler (high-voltage device), using such accelerated protons Lithium target bombardment, resulting in the first artificial accelerated particles caused by nuclear nuclear transmutation. A year later Van de Graaff published his electrostatic accelerator, which produces particles with higher energy and stability than high-voltage devices, and built