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本文主要根据中国第一历史档案馆的档案资料,对晚清北洋、南洋、福建、广东四洋海军的创建、编制、特点及素质进行了较为详细的述评,四洋海军的编制、特点及素质尚未见有人专文论及。文中提供了一些新史料,如福建、南洋海军的编制史料。提出了晚清创建海军的具体时间,并认为晚清海军代表清朝军队的最高水平。将北洋海军发展受限及南洋、福建、广东三支海军不能成军的主要原因,归结到当时的社会经济基础与上层建筑这一社会根本问题上,并对李鸿章单纯的战略防御加以评论。
Based on the archives of China’s First Historical Archives, this paper mainly reviews the establishment, establishment, characteristics and qualities of the Northern Ocean, Nanyang, Fujian and Guangdong Sinyans in the late Qing Dynasty. The preparation, characteristics and qualifications of the Soyo Navy Have not seen any manuscript. The article provides some new historical materials, such as Fujian, Nanyang navy compilation of historical data. Proposed a specific time for the creation of the Navy in the late Qing period and considered the late Qing Navy to represent the highest level of the Qing troops. The main reason why the Navy’s naval development is limited and the Nanyang, Fujian and Guangdong navies can not be formed is attributed to the social and economic foundation at that time as well as the fundamental social issue of superstructure, and commented on the simple strategic defense of Li Hongzhang.