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地理信息系统(GIS,geographic information system)既是管理和分析空间数据的应用工程技术,又是跨越地球科学、信息科学和空间科学的应用基础学科。其技术系统由计算机硬件、软件和相关的方法过程所组成,用以支持空间数据的采集、管理、处理、分析、建模和显示,以便解决复杂的规划和管理问题。
Geographic information system (GIS) is not only an application engineering technology for managing and analyzing spatial data, but also a basic subject applied across geosciences, information sciences and space sciences. Its technical system consists of computer hardware, software and associated methodological processes to support the collection, management, processing, analysis, modeling and presentation of spatial data in order to solve complex planning and management problems.