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以扁茎大豆、正常圆茎大豆、扁茎大豆与正常圆茎大豆杂交选育的高代品系为材料,分别进行短日照(12h)和长日照(16h)处理,观察光周期对扁茎大豆及正常圆茎大豆发育速度和形态特征的影响。结果表明,光周期不仅明显影响大豆的开花期、成熟期,而且调控顶端花序的形态。在长日照下,供试大豆品种生殖发育明显受到抑制,开花期延迟,在北京夏播条件下不能正常成熟;扁茎大豆、扁茎大豆与正常圆茎大豆杂交选育的高代品系植株顶端花序轴伸长,部分材料的花序轴上产生侧生花序,但均未象在原产地一样出现扁平、加宽的花序。在短日照条件下,不论是扁茎大豆还是正常圆茎大豆,发育速度均加快,植株顶端为典型的总状花序,花序轴较短,扁茎大豆也未出现扁茎及顶端花序簇集的现象。本实验的结果说明扁茎大豆植株顶端的茎秆扁化、花荚簇集的性状可因光周期等环境因素的变化而变化,是不稳定的性状。对扁茎性状形成和变化的原因亦进行了分析。
The high-yielding lines which were cross-bred from flat-stemmed soybean, normal round-stemmed soybean, flat-stemmed soybean and normal round-stemmed soybean were used as material for short-day (12h) and long- And normal stem Soybean growth rate and morphological characteristics. The results showed that the photoperiod not only significantly affected the flowering and maturity of soybean, but also regulated the morphology of the inflorescences. Under the long sunshine, the reproductive development of the tested soybean varieties was obviously inhibited, the flowering period was delayed, and could not be normally matured under the summer sowing conditions in Beijing. The top lines of the elite lines with cross-breeding of the flat stem, the flat stem and the normal stem soybean Inflorescence axis elongation, part of the material on the inflorescence axis of the inflorescence, but did not appear as in the same origin, flat, widened inflorescence. In the short-day conditions, whether flat stems or normal stems Soybean growth rate are accelerated, the top of the plant is a typical racemose, inflorescence axis is shorter, flat stems and stems are not flat stems and apical clusters phenomenon. The results of this experiment showed that the stems on the top of flat-stemmed soybean plants are flattened, and the characters of flower-pods clustering can change due to environmental factors such as photoperiod, which are unstable characters. The formation and change of the stem-like trait have also been analyzed.