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目的探讨安阳市麻疹流行特征,为有效控制麻疹提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法对安阳市1982-2009年麻疹监测资料进行分析。结果 1982-2009年共报告麻疹29 571例,年均发病率21.23/10万,死亡43例,病死率0.15%。整个发病趋势呈从高到低而后回升,分为3个阶段,第一阶段形成2个高峰之后,1987-1988一路走低,1989年开始回升,一直到1996年基本走平,1997年开始下降,随后每隔1~2年上升一次。安阳市所辖九县(市)区均有病例报告,个别县(市)区发病率较高。发病季节集中在1~5月;1990-2009年人群分布男女性别比为1.3∶1;7岁以下儿童占73.89%;散居儿童占总数的58.21%;2000-2009年病例有明确免疫史者仅为38.62%;IgM抗体阳性率78.24%。结论应加强麻疹疫苗常规免疫接种并提高接种质量,重点加强薄弱地区和薄弱环节的工作,适时在目标人群中开展强化免疫,消除免疫空白点,提高整个人群免疫水平,加强学龄前儿童及外来流动人口的免疫预防管理。
Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Anyang City and provide a scientific basis for the effective control of measles. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the data of measles surveillance in Anyang from 1982 to 2009. Results A total of 29 571 measles cases were reported from 1982 to 2009, with an average annual incidence of 21.23 / 100 000, 43 deaths and a case fatality rate of 0.15%. The whole disease trend showed a rise from high to low and then rose back into three phases. After the first phase formed two peaks, 1987-1988 all the way down and started to rise in 1989. It basically went flat in 1996 and started to decline in 1997, Then every 1 to 2 years up once. All counties (cities) under the jurisdiction of Anyang City have reported cases, and the incidence of individual counties (cities) is higher. The incidence season concentrated in January to May; 1990-2009 population distribution of male to female ratio was 1.3: 1; children under 7 years of age accounted for 73.89%; scattered children accounted for 58.21% of the total; 2000-2009 cases with a clear history of immunization only For 38.62%; IgM antibody positive rate of 78.24%. Conclusions Routine immunization of measles vaccine should be strengthened and the quality of vaccination should be strengthened. The work in vulnerable areas and weak areas should be strengthened. The target population should be strengthened to eliminate immunization blank spots, raise the immunity level of the whole population, strengthen the preschool children and migrants Immune Prevention Management.