部落是19世纪西方人类学所确立的一个学术范畴,在当代世界的很多地方,它作为一个分析性概念已经被放弃。但在印度,部落概念通行至今,这与它在印度同时是一个国家治理中的应用范畴密切相关。部落成为针对特定少数群体的法律和政治范畴,使印度的部落研究更关心实践问题;它的双重身份,也对替代性概念产生制约。 The tribe is an academic category established by Western anthropology in the nineteenth century and has been abandoned as an analytical concept in many parts of the contemporary world. However, in India, the concept of tribalism has so far been closely linked with its application in India as a country in governance. The tribe has become a legal and political category that targets specific minority groups, making Indian tribal research more concerned with practical issues; its dual identity also imposes constraints on alternative concepts.