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选用10个优良玉米自交系配成不完全双列杂交组合,研究玉米穗长、穗粗、穗行数、百粒重4个穗部性状的遗传效应及其相关性。结果表明,穗长、穗粗、百粒重主要受遗传主效应控制,穗行数受基因型×环境互作效应的影响。穗长和穗粗主要受胚加性效应的影响,其胚加性方差(VAo)分别占遗传主效应方差(VG)的92.56%、95.80%;穗行数的遗传受母体加性互作、胚加性互作的共同影响,两种效应依次占环境互作效应的50.31%、49.60%;百粒重受胚乳加性和母体加性效应的共同控制,两种效应分别占遗传主效应的50.73%、47.12%。穗长和穗粗以胚普通遗传率为主,穗行数以胚乳和母体互作遗传率为主,百粒重以胚乳普通遗传率和母体普通遗传率为主。穗长与穗粗、穗行数,穗粗与穗行数的胚加性(rAo)、细胞质(rC)均呈极显著高度正相关,穗长与百粒重的细胞质(rC)呈极显著正相关,穗粗与百粒重的细胞质(rC)、母体显性(rDm)、胚加性互作(rAoE)、细胞质互作(rCE)均呈极显著正相关,穗长与穗粗、穗长与穗行数、穗长与百粒重、穗粗与穗行数、穗粗与百粒重5对性状可以同步改良。
Ten elite maize inbred lines were used to make incomplete diallel cross combinations to study the genetic effects and correlations of four ear characters including ear length, ear diameter, ear number, and 100-grain weight. The results showed that the panicle length, the panicle diameter and the 100-grain weight were mainly controlled by the genetic major effect, and the number of ear rows was affected by the genotype × environment interaction effect. The spike length and ear diameter were mainly affected by the additive effect of embryos. The VAo of the embryos was 92.56% and 95.80% of the VG, respectively. The inheritance of ear number was affected by the maternal additive interaction, Embryo additive interactions, the two effects accounted for 50.31% and 49.60% of the environmental interaction effects respectively; the one hundred kernel weight was controlled by endosperm additive and maternal additive effects, and the two effects accounted for 50% 50.73%, 47.12%. The ear length and ear diameter were mainly the heritability of the embryo. The number of ear rows was dominated by the interaction between endosperm and maternal body, and the 100-grain weight was dominated by the common heritability of the endosperm and the maternal common heritability. There were extremely significant positive correlations between ear length and ear diameter, ear number, ear germplasm and ear number, rC and rC, and spike length and 100-weight cytoplasm (rC) were highly significant There was a significant positive correlation between spike diameter and 100-kernel cytoplasm (rC), maternal dominance (rDm), embryo additive interaction (rAoE) and cytoplasmic interaction (rCE) Spike length and number of rows of spikes, spike length and 100-grain weight, spike and ear number of rows, ear diameter and 100-grain weight of 5 pairs of traits can be simultaneously improved.