目的：探讨胸骨后甲状腺肿物切除手术入路及方法。方法：回顾分析我院收治的31例胸骨后甲状腺肿物外科治疗临床资料。结果：27例胸骨后甲状腺肿物患者接受外科治疗，均获成功。其中结节性甲状腺肿10例，甲状腺腺瘤9例，结节性甲状腺肿癌变4例，甲状腺乳头状癌伴气管旁淋巴结转移3例，甲状腺滤泡状癌伴气管旁和纵隔淋巴结转移1例。通过颈部低位领式切口入路切除的占85.19％，颈部领式切口并胸骨正中劈开入路的占11.11％，开胸入路并颈部领式切口的占3.70％。术后并发症发生率为25.93％，其中术后伤口出血较为常见，占42.86％。结论：颈部低位领式切口入路切除胸骨后甲状腺肿物是可行的，它容易操作且安全可靠，又具有损伤小，并发症少等优点。 Objective: To investigate the surgical approach and methods of resection of retrosternal thyroid tumors. Methods: The clinical data of 31 cases of post-sternal thyroid tumor treated in our hospital were analyzed retrospectively. Results: Twenty-seven patients with post-sternal thyroid mass underwent surgical treatment and all were successful. There were 10 cases of nodular goiter, 9 cases of thyroid adenoma, 4 cases of nodular goiter, 3 cases of thyroid papillary carcinoma with paratracheal lymph node metastasis, and 1 case of thyroid follicular carcinoma with paratracheal and mediastinal lymph node metastases. . Eighty-one percent of the patients were treated with a cervical collar incision and 85.19% were treated with a neck collar incision and a median sternotomy, and 3.70% with a thoracotomy and a neck collar incision. The incidence of postoperative complications was 25.93%, of which postoperative wound bleeding was more common, accounting for 42.86%. Conclusion: It is feasible to remove the retrosternal thyroid mass with low neck collar incision. It is easy to operate, safe and reliable. It has the advantages of less injury and fewer complications.