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方法论层面的问题不是马克思主义哲学中无关紧要的小问题,而是关系到马克思主义哲学的理论实质乃至理论命运的大问题。从19世纪到20世纪,马克思主义哲学在形成和发展的不同历史时期,经历了三次重大的方法论变革,由此在很大程度上解决了每个时期所面临的主要理论困难,大大推动了马克思主义哲学理论的发展。这三次方法论变革,分别是指由马克思所策动的辩证法对经验主义的变革、由卢卡奇所策动的总体性对实证主义的变革以及由柯亨所策动的分析的方法对人本主义的变革。
The methodology-level problem is not a trivial matter in Marxist philosophy, but rather a big issue that relates to the theoretical essence of Marxist philosophy and even the fate of theory. From the 19th century to the 20th century, Marxist philosophy underwent three major methodological changes in different historical periods of its formation and development. Thus, it largely solved the major theoretical difficulties facing each period and greatly promoted the development of Marxism The Development of Philosophical Theory ofism. These three methodological changes refer respectively to the change of empiricism by the dialectic law driven by Marx, the overall change of positivism driven by Lukacs, and the analysis of the method motivated by Cohen to the change of humanism .