Objective To evaluate male antifertility activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Ficus racemosa bark. Methods Swiss male mice were orally administered hydroalcoholic extract of Ficus racemosa bark (50 mg/kg for 30 d and 100 mg/kg body weight for next 30 d), and the effect of the treatment on body weight, reproductive organs weight, sperm, biochemical profile (sialic acid in epididymis and fructose in seminal vesicle), fertility and vaginal contraceptive efficacy was investigated. Recovery studies were also performed. Results Extract reduced fertility to 70% within 60 d. Suppression of cauda epididymis sperm count, motility, viability and abnormal morphology was observed. Marked reduction was noted in the weight of reproductive organs and the level of sialic acid in epididymis and fructose in seminal vesicle. Vaginal application of bark extract exhibited 80% vaginal contraceptive efficacy. After cessation of plant extract treatment, the altered parameters recovered after 60 d. Conclusion Clinical assessment of male antifertility agents should include acceptability, safety and efficacy during and after the treatment. The above results revealed the potential, reversible male antifertility effect of hydroalcoholic extract F. racemosa bark. Objective To evaluate male antifertility activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Ficus racemosa bark. Methods Swiss male mice were orally administered hydroalcoholic extract of Ficus racemosa bark (50 mg / kg for 30 d and 100 mg / kg body weight for next 30 d), and the effect of the treatment on body weight, reproductive organs weight, sperm, biochemical profile (sialic acid in epididymis and fructose in seminal vesicle), Fertility and vaginal contraceptive efficacy was investigated. Results Extract reduced fertility to 70% within 60 d. Suppression of cauda epididymis sperm count, motility, viability and abnormal morphology was observed. Marked reduction was noted in the weight of reproductive organs and the level of sialic acid in epididymis and fructose in seminal vesicle. Vaginal application of bark extract exhibited 80 % vaginal contraceptive efficacy. After cessation of plant extract treatment, the altered parameters recovered after 60 d. Conclusion Clinical assessment of male antifertility agents should include acceptability, safety and efficacy during and after the treatment. The above results revealed the potential, reversible male antifertility effect of hydroalcoholic extract F. racemosa bark.