γ-氨酪酸,化学名为γ-氨基丁酸(简称GABA),是一种不掺入蛋白质分子的氨基酸。在氨基酸中GABA 是唯一的几乎全部是在脑和脊髓中合成的一种氨基酸,外周和一般组织中极少。它作为脑的能源物质和中枢神经系统的一种重要抑制性递质近年来研究得十分活跃。中枢神经系统的GABA 主要来自谷氨酸脱羧。催化此反应的谷氨酸脱羧酶(GAD)在脑内含量特别高。GABA 在γ-氨基丁酸转氨酶(GABA-T)的催化下和α-酮戊二酸进行转氨基反应,生成谷氨酸和琥珀酸半醛。后者可进一步氧化(在琥珀酸半醛脱氢 γ-Aminobutyric acid, a chemical name of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), is an amino acid that is not incorporated into protein molecules. GABA is the only amino acid most of which is synthesized in the brain and spinal cord amino acids, very few in the peripheral and general tissues. It has been very active in recent years as an important inhibitory neurotransmitter of the brain’s energy substances and central nervous system. Central nervous system GABA mainly from glutamate decarboxylation. The glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) that catalyzes this reaction is particularly high in the brain. GABA undergoes transamination with α-ketoglutarate catalyzed by γ-aminobutyrate aminotransferase (GABA-T) to form glutamic acid and succinic semialdehyde. The latter can be further oxidized (dehydrogenation of succinic semialdehyde