心内直视手术的发展在很大程度上应归功于25年前Melrose所介绍的选择性心脏停搏或心脏麻痹(cardioplegia)这一概念。Melrose的高钾溶液虽然成功地使心脏停搏于舒张状态,但也有钾离子和枸橼酸盐浓度过高以及渗透作用造成心脏毒性损害的可能性。这种溶液不久便停止使用,但它的确揭示了使心脏停搏的可能性。之后,德国Bretschneider应用不同原理使心肌停止收缩,他选用的是低 The development of open heart surgery is largely attributable to the concept of elective cardiac arrest or cardioplegia introduced by Melrose 25 years ago. Melrose’s high-potassium solution, while successfully arresting the heart in a diastolic state, also has the potential for cardiotoxic damage due to excessive levels of potassium and citrate and infiltration. This solution soon ceased to work, but it did reveal the possibility of a cardiac arrest. After Germany Bretschneider application of different principles to stop myocardial contractions, he used is low