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2004年8月,黄河中游地区出现强降雨过程,依据防洪方案,小浪底水库泄放了一次高含沙洪水过程。洪水在下游表现为含沙量高、花园口洪峰增值突出、洪峰流量沿程衰减较小等特点。分析认为造成花园口洪峰增值的主要原因是由于高含沙水流比前期清水水流阻力较小,使其流速大大快于前期的槽蓄水流的流速,在演进的过程中,不断“挤压”峰前的清水和部分前期槽蓄量,形成叠加。通过分析对今后高含沙洪水的研究、监测与调度等提出了建议。
In August 2004, a heavy rainfall process occurred in the middle reaches of the Yellow River. According to the flood control plan, a Xiaosangdi Reservoir released a high-sediment flood process. Floods are characterized by high sediment concentration, outstanding flood peak value at Huayuankou, and small attenuation along peak flood discharge. The analysis shows that the main reason for the increase of flood peak in Huayuankou is that the flow resistance of the high silt water flow is smaller than that of the fresh water flow and the flow velocity is much faster than that of the previous trough water flow. In the process of evolution, Peak water before the peak and part of the pre-storage tank, forming a superposition. Suggestions are put forward by analyzing the research, monitoring and scheduling of high silt floods in the future.