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作者认为,社会批判理论历史上曾对现实做了正确的反思,但是也今天的批判理论存在着明显的不足。为了弥合它的不足,必须要将统治的社会理论(权力理论)与民主的规范性理论(民主理论)结合起来。就规范性而言,马克思主义的批判传统与契约论是相联系的。笔者从话语伦理学的视角对契约论范式进行了解读,指出社会契约的主体应是道德化的行动者;同时,在批判吸收当代各种传统政治理论对社会契约原则问题的解决方案上,提出了自己的解决方法:即个人在法律、民主、共同承担责任原则的基础上会选择一种合法的有组织合作。在批判雅克·彼岱的相关观点基础上,笔者指出社会批判理论的权力关系还需要更多的努力和反思,从而强调民主制理论对于马克思主义和批判理论的重要性。
The author believes that the theory of social criticism has made a correct reflection on reality in history, but there is also a clear deficiency in today’s critical theory. To bridge its shortcomings, it is necessary to combine the ruling social theory (power theory) with the democratic normative theory (democratic theory). In terms of normativity, the critical tradition of Marxism is related to the contract theory. The author interprets the contractual paradigm from the perspective of discourse ethics and points out that the subject of social contract should be a moral one. At the same time, on the solution of critically absorbing all kinds of contemporary political theories on the principle of social contract, My solution is that individuals should choose a legitimate and organized cooperation based on the principles of law, democracy and shared responsibility. On the basis of criticizing Jacques Benedict’s related views, the author points out that the power relations of social critical theory still need more efforts and introspection, thus emphasizing the importance of democratic theory to Marxism and critical theory.