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Objective: To investigate the expression characteristics of TNF-α in myocardium and hepatic tissue of rats with compound stress of hyperthermia and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods:Male SPF Wistar rats were randomly divided into room temperature+physiological saline group (Group C), hyperthermia+physiological saline group (Group H), room temperature+LPS group (Group L) and hyperthermia+LPS group (Group HL). The rats were put in simulated climate cabin. Group HL and Group H were exposed in the environment at a dry bulb temperature (TDB) of (35.0± 0.5) ℃, while Group L and Group C were exposed in the environment at a TDB of (26.0±0.5) ℃. The rats in Group HL and Group L were given tail intravenous injection of LPS 10 mg/kg, while the rats in Group H and Group C were given tail intravenous injection of 9 g/L NaCl 10 mL/kg. After the stress, immunohistochemical SABC staining method was used to detect the expression characteristics of TNF-α in myocardium and hepatic tissue of rats, and those rats were given routine pathological examinations. Results: The expression of TNF-α in myocardium and hepatic tissue in Group HL was enhanced remarkably, and the tissue damages of Group HL were severest. Conclusions: The eardiotoxieity and hepatotoxicity caused by compound stress of hyperthermia and LPS is closely related to the expression of TNF-α.