目的：了解早产原因、疾病和死亡构成。方法：分析６４２例住院早产儿临床资料。结果：发生早产的首位原因为多胎妊娠，其次为妊娠高血压综合征等；病死率较高的疾病为肺透明膜病、缺氧缺血性脑病、颅内出血、败血症、硬肿症、肺炎等。结论：做好围生期保健，可降低早产儿的发生率和病死率。 Purpose: To understand the causes of prematurity, disease and death. Methods: The clinical data of 642 hospitalized premature infants were analyzed. Results: The first cause of preterm birth was multiple pregnancy, followed by pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome. The higher mortality rates were hyaline membrane disease, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, intracranial hemorrhage, sepsis, scleredema and pneumonia . Conclusion: Good perinatal care can reduce the incidence of preterm children and mortality.