已故学者顾准曾经尖锐地指出,中国历史研究深受“史官文化”的影响。因此,我们看到的中国历史就是一部“高层次”的历史,一部政治史,一部王朝兴替史,一部宏观的历史。固然,这种记史方法有其客观合理性,能够在一定程度上揭示中国社会的变迁进化。但是,它却忽略了社会、经济、文化等诸多微观方面的东西,尤其没有将整个社会的民间层次有效地容纳进去,描绘出来。结果展现在我们面前的是一幅不完整的历史画面。八十年 Gu Zhiming, a late scholar, pointedly pointed out sharply that the study of Chinese history is deeply influenced by “the history of the government”. Therefore, we can see that Chinese history is a “high-level” history, a political history, a dynastic rise and fall of history, and a macro history. Of course, this method of keeping records has its objective rationality and can reveal the evolution and evolution of Chinese society to a certain extent. However, it ignores many micro-aspects such as social, economic and cultural aspects. In particular, it does not effectively accommodate the entire folk-level society and portrays it. The result presented before us is an incomplete historical picture. Eighty years