1前言内燃机车是在多数国家，包括美国、加拿大、澳大利亚等经济发达、国土辽阔的国家和广大发展中国家铁路运输的主要牵引动力。我国铁路现状也是如此：干线和支线客货运输、调车小运转都离不开内燃机车。虽然由于能源形势的变化，我国铁路牵引动力政策近年来有所调整。但从近 1 Introduction Diesel locomotives are the main driving force for rail transport in economically developed countries with vast territory and vast developing countries in most countries, including the United States, Canada and Australia. The same is true of the current status of China’s railways: trunk and regional passenger and freight transport, shunting small operations are inseparable from the diesel locomotive. Although due to changes in the energy situation, China’s railway traction policy has been adjusted in recent years. But from now on