17世纪40年代,一个阳光明媚的夏日,在意大利佛罗伦萨科学院,有几位院士围坐在花园中间的一个石桌旁,用放大镜观察和研究一小颗珍贵的金刚石,而这颗金刚石已经被学院珍藏几百年了。为什么金刚石能保存几百年呢?这是因为金刚石是由碳元素组成的一种单质,与石墨同为碳的同质多象变体。而碳在常温下化学性质不活泼,即具有稳定性。既耐酸和耐碱,还具有非磁性、不良导电性、亲油疏水性和摩擦生电性 In the 1740s, on a sunny summer day, at the Academy of Sciences in Florence, Italy, several academicians sat around a stone table in the middle of a garden and used a magnifying glass to observe and study a small, precious piece of diamond that had been College collections for centuries. Why diamonds can be preserved for hundreds of years? This is because diamond is a single element of carbon, with graphite as carbon homogeneous polymorphic variants. The carbon at room temperature chemically inert, that is, with stability. Both acid and alkali, but also non-magnetic, poor conductivity, lipophilic hydrophobicity and triboelectricity