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动量守恒定律是自然界最重要、最普遍的规律之一,其研究对象是两个以上的物体所组成的系统。利用该定律只考虑相互作用物体作用前后动量变化的关系,不考虑相互作用过程中各个瞬间的细节。它能解决许多由于相互作用力难以确定而不能直接应用牛顿运动定律的问题,为解决力学问题提供了一种新的方法和思路。然而,在应用动量守恒定律时,学生常常会出现以下错误,导致解题失误。一、选错参考系例1在平静的水面上,有一条载人的小船,船的质量为M,人的质量为m。人相对船静止,船和人以速度v_0前进。当人对船以速度u沿跟船的运动相
The law of conservation of momentum is one of the most important and common laws in nature. Its object of study is a system composed of two or more objects. The law is used to consider only the relationship between the changes of momentum before and after interaction of the interacting objects, without considering the details of each moment in the interaction process. It can solve many problems that can not be directly applied Newton’s law of motion because of the interaction force is difficult to determine, and provides a new method and train of thought to solve the mechanics problem. However, when applying the law of conservation of momentum, students often make the following mistakes, resulting in mistakes. First, select the wrong reference system Example 1 In calm water, there is a manned boat, the mass of the ship M, the mass of the person m. People relative to the ship stationary, the ship and the person to speed v_0 forward. When people are on the boat at speed u along with the ship’s motion phase