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[目的]了解苏南农村地区井水、土壤铅污染情况及当地一般人群铅内暴露水平,识别重点防治地区及危险因素。[方法]在苏南地区常熟市农村的东、南、西、北、中五个方位及市区设立6个调查点,在每个调查点采集井水、土壤样品各3份,各共18份样品;并按不同年龄段,男女各半的原则进行分层抽样,最终确定调查对象1 233名;用电感耦合等离子质谱仪对井水、土壤及人群血、尿铅含量进行测定。[结果]18份井水样品中铅均低于GB 5749—2006《生活饮用水卫生标准》限值(0.01 mg/L),以临近氟化学工业园的农村北部调查点最高为(0.67±0.11)μg/L;土壤样品中以原有镀锌厂的农村南部调查点为最高,为(89.25±19.83)mg/kg,临近氟化学工业园的农村北部调查点次之,为(81.53±44.54)mg/kg,污染指数分别为1.12和1.02,属轻度污染。不同调查点居民尿铅、血铅及血铅超标率也是上述两个调查点最高,与其他各点间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。同时对血铅影响因素分析发现,年龄大、男性、吸烟、家离交通干道距离<100 m是该地居民血铅升高的危险因素。[结论]苏南农村个别地区土壤出现轻度铅污染,且与人群铅的内暴露水平一致,应加强环境污染防治,居民也应养成良好生活方式。
[Objective] To understand the lead contamination in well and soil of rural areas in southern Jiangsu Province and the lead exposure in the local general population, and to identify the key prevention areas and risk factors. [Method] Six investigation points were set up in the five east, south, west, north and center of rural areas in Changshu City, southern Jiangsu Province, and three samples of well water and soil samples were collected at each investigation point, with a total of 18 The sample was stratified according to the different age groups and half male and half female. Finally, 1 233 subjects were determined. The contents of blood and urine lead in well water, soil and people were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. [Result] The results showed that the lead content in 18 well samples was lower than the limit of drinking water standard of GB 5749-2006 (0.01 mg / L), and the highest in the northern rural investigation site near Fluorine Chemical Industrial Park was (0.67 ± 0.11 ) μg / L. The highest in the rural southern part of the soil sample with the existing galvanizing plant was (89.25 ± 19.83) mg / kg, followed by the northern part of the rural surveyed near the Fluorine Chemical Industrial Park (81.53 ± 44.54 ) mg / kg, the pollution index was 1.12 and 1.02 respectively, which belonged to mild pollution. The urinary lead, blood lead and lead levels in residents from different survey sites were also the highest in the two above-mentioned survey points, with statistical significance (P <0.05). At the same time, the analysis of the influential factors of blood lead found that the age-old, male, smoking and family were less than 100 m away from the traffic artery and were the risk factors for the increase of blood lead in this area. [Conclusion] The soil in some areas of rural South Jiangsu Province showed slight lead pollution, which was consistent with the internal exposure level of lead in the population. Environmental pollution prevention should be strengthened and the residents should develop good life style.