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目的了解2012—2014年江阴市流行性感冒(简称流感)的流行特征,为该市流感的防控工作提供科学依据。方法对江阴市2012—2014年流感哨点医院报告的流感样病例(ILI)的监测数据和病原学资料进行描述流行病学分析。结果 2012—2014年该市累计报告ILI 97 549例,ILI就诊百分比(ILI%)为12.84%,ILI%具有明显的季节性,每年冬春季和夏季分别会有1个流感高峰。ILI例数最多的年龄组是0~4岁组,其次是5~14岁组,最少的年龄组是≥60岁组。ILI各年龄组构成的差异有统计学意义(χ~2=279.32,P<0.01)。该市流感监测采集的阳性标本中以甲3型和乙型毒株为主。各年份流感毒株构成的差异有统计学意义(Fisher确切概率法P值<0.01)。病原学检测阳性率与ILI%呈正相关(r=0.622,P<0.01)。结论江阴市每年冬春季和夏季都是流感的发病高峰,开展高危人群的疫苗接种是有效的预防手段。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of influenza in Jiangyin City from 2012 to 2014, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of influenza in this city. Methods Epidemiological analysis of influenza-like illness (ILI) surveillance data and etiological data reported from 2012 to 2014 in sentinel hospitals in Jiangyin City was performed. Results In 2012-2014, a total of ILI 97 549 cases were reported in the city. ILI% of ILI% was 12.84%. There was a clear seasonal pattern of ILI%. There was a peak of influenza in winter, spring and summer respectively. The age groups with the highest ILI were 0 to 4 years old, followed by 5 to 14 years old, and the least age group was ≥60 years old. The differences of ILI among different age groups were statistically significant (χ ~ 2 = 279.32, P <0.01). The city influenza-positive samples collected influenza A type 3 and type B virus-based. The differences in the composition of influenza strains in each year were statistically significant (P <0.01 for Fisher’s exact test). The positive rate of etiological detection was positively correlated with ILI% (r = 0.622, P <0.01). Conclusions Jiangyin City is the peak of flu incidence in winter, spring and summer each year. It is an effective preventive measure to carry out the vaccination of high-risk groups.