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站立时,人心血管系统必须维持脑灌注并保证容积压力达到150mmHg。这种反应完全取决于植物神经系统功能建全及适当的血浆容量。站立时血压降低超讨10mmHg时,老年人较常见,而青年人则常由于药物所致(诸如:抗高血压和影响精神的药物、利尿剂、左旋多巴和酒精)或伴有降低血浆容量的疾病(如:肾脏疾病和阿狄森氏病)。少数病人有由植物神经功能衰竭引起的慢性症状性直立性低血压。一些病人有巴金森氏病-单独存在或伴有广泛的脑干和基底节功能紊乱,导致构音障碍、共济失调和痉挛(多系统萎缩或Shy-
Standing, human cardiovascular system must maintain cerebral perfusion and ensure that the volume pressure reaches 150mmHg. This reaction is entirely dependent on the autonomic nervous system function and proper plasma volume. Older persons are more common when standing lower than 10 mmHg, whereas young people are often caused by medications (such as anti-hypertensive and mood-affecting drugs, diuretics, levodopa and alcohol) or with reduced plasma volume (Such as kidney disease and Addison’s disease). A small number of patients have chronic symptomatic orthostatic hypotension caused by autonomic dysfunction. Some patients have Parkinson’s disease - either alone or with extensive brain stem and basal ganglia dysfunction leading to dysarthria, ataxia and cramps (multiple system atrophy or Shy-