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档案材料本身的性质和所处环境与条件,是影响档案寿命的主要因素。为此,应注意根据本地的气候特点,保护档案。1.载体因素。纸张的主要成份是由纤维素、半纤维素、木质素构成的,其中纤维素占三分之二以上,并主要影响纸张的物化性能。纤维素由葡萄糖脱水聚合而成,纤维素遇有水和氧易发生化学反应,生成易碎的水解纤维素和氧化纤维素,对纸张造成破坏。在有光、热、酸、湿的情况下,会反应加快。防护:应选用无酸档案用纸减缓其氧化反应,同时要防光、防尘、防有害微生物和气体的侵蚀,控制适宜的温湿度,减缓两大破坏反应。2.字迹材料因素。字迹材料是否耐久,主要由色素材料的化学成分和字迹色素与纸张的牢固程度来决定。应多选用化学成分稳定、遮色性好、与纸张以“结膜”、“吸附”形式出现的色素材料为佳(如炭黑)。纯蓝、红、紫三种色素,化
The nature of the file itself and the environment and conditions in which it is located are the main factors affecting the life of the file. For this reason, care should be taken to protect the files according to the local climatic characteristics. 1. Carrier factors. The main component of the paper is composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, of which more than two-thirds of cellulose, and mainly affect the physical and chemical properties of paper. Cellulose dehydration by the polymerization of glucose, cellulose in case of water and oxygen prone to chemical reactions, resulting in brittle hydrolyzed cellulose and oxidized cellulose, causing damage to the paper. In the light, heat, acid, wet conditions, will respond faster. Protection: The paper should be used acid-free file to slow down the oxidation reaction, at the same time to prevent light, dust, anti-harmful microorganisms and gas erosion, control the appropriate temperature and humidity, slow down the two major damage reaction. 2. handwriting material factors. Whether the writing material is durable or not is mainly determined by the chemical composition of the pigment material and the firmness of the writing pigment and the paper. Should choose more stable chemical composition, opacity is good, and paper to “conjunctiva ”, “adsorption ” form of pigment material is better (such as carbon black). Pure blue, red, purple three kinds of pigment, of