随着房地产业的形成和房屋租赁市场的发展,在近代上海移民中产生了商户和住户这两类房客群体。1921年发生大规模的房屋加租风潮,为应对与房东的交涉,部分里弄和街区出现房客联合会之类的房客团体,并进而联合成立上海房客联合总会。直到1937年抗日战争全面爆发,每次房东与房客之间产生房屋租赁纠纷,各种形式的房客团体就会纷纷出现。房客团体的领导人大多是中下层商人,也包括其他一些社会人士,总会的组织制度较为正规,大多模仿和借鉴同期有影响之社会团体如商会等,具有明显的现代性;而各分支会规模与实力均较为弱小,其组织制度也相对简单,显示出临时性与传统性特点。房客团体一方面采用各种方式与房东展开交涉,要求房东体谅房客痛苦,免予加租;另一方面也向中外官署请愿,寻求其支持,限制房东加租,取得了一定的成效,因而不能简单地将房客团体视为一群“乌合之众”。 With the formation of the real estate industry and the development of the housing rental market, two groups of tenants, namely, merchants and households, emerged in the modern Shanghai immigrants. In 1921, a large-scale wave of housing rent increases occurred. To cope with the negotiations with landlords, some tenant groups such as tenant associations emerged in some neighborhoods and neighborhoods and jointly established the Shanghai Tenants Federation. Until the anti-Japanese war broke out in 1937, each time a landlord-tenant rental dispute arises, various forms of tenant groups appear one after another. Most of the leaders of the tenant groups are middle-lower-level businessmen and some other social groups. The general organization system is more formal, and most of them imitate and draw lessons from the influential social groups such as the chambers of commerce and the like over the same period. They have obvious modernity. However, Scale and strength are relatively weak, its organizational system is relatively simple, showing temporary and traditional features. On the one hand, the tenant groups used various means to negotiate with the landlord and asked the landlord to understand the suffering of the tenants and avoid rent increase. On the other hand, they also petitioned Chinese and foreign government officials to seek their support and limit the rent increase of the landlords and achieved some success. Simply think of tenant groups as a group.