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清末,随着社会急剧变革,社团组织如雨后春笋般纷纷涌现。据不完全统计,排除革命团体在外的公开性社团,商界有265个,教育界103个,政治类85个,学术类65个,外交类50个,风俗类26个,青年类17个,艺文类17个,宗教类6个,工业类4个,慈善类4个。即使一向沉寂的农业界,至1911年也涌现出农务总会19个,农务分会276个。千姿百态的社团,涌动于近代社会变革的浪逐潮涨之间,为近乎凝固的传统中国注入了新鲜活力,创造了前所未有的奇观。为此,探讨清末社团群崛起的缘由将是饶有兴味的课题。
In the late Qing Dynasty, with the rapid social changes, the mass organizations have mushroomed. According to incomplete statistics, there are 265 public organizations excluded from the revolutionary community, including 265 in the business community, 103 in the education sector, 85 in the political category, 65 in the academic category, 50 in the diplomatic category, 26 in the customs category and 17 in the youth category. 17 writing categories, 6 religious categories, 4 industrial categories and 4 charity categories. Even in a quiet agricultural sector, 19 farms and 276 farmer’s branches have emerged in 1911. The clique of social groups fluctuated in the tide of the wave of the vicissitudes of modern society and infused fresh vitality into the almost solidified traditional China and created an unprecedented spectacle. Therefore, it is an interesting subject to explore the reasons for the rise of social groups in the late Qing Dynasty.