通过病例对照研究探讨老年性白内障的危险因素，为病因学研究提供线索。１１３例病例选自１９９０年北京市房山区眼病普查中确诊的３８６例老年性白内障病人，并采用１∶１配对的方法从该地区随机抽取１１３名对照。研究结果表明高血压病史、开始眼花年龄、一级亲属家族史是老年性白内障的主要危险因素。结果提示老年性白内障是由环境因素和遗传因素共同作用而发生的老年性疾病。 Case-control study to explore the risk factors of senile cataract, provide clues for the etiology. A total of 113 cases were selected from 386 senile cataract patients diagnosed in the Census of Fangshan District in Beijing in 1990 and 113 controls were randomly selected from this area using a 1: 1 pairing method. The results show that the history of hypertension, the age of onset of vertigo, family history of first-degree relatives is the main risk factor for senile cataract. The results suggest that senile cataract is a combination of environmental factors and genetic factors that occur in senile diseases.