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用Ｘ射线衍射法结合原子发射光谱对购自上海、南通两家药店药用磁石中的主要元素、物相、晶粒大小、比表面积进行了测定，用化学分析法测定了磁石中的全铁量和难溶物含量，同时用热分析、扫描电镜对磁石受热后结构变化及表面形貌进行了测定和观察。测试结果表明：炮制过的磁石呈珊瑚状的骨架形貌，主要物相为磁铁矿（Ｆｅ３Ｏ４），其次为赤铁矿（Ｆｅ２Ｏ３）、石英（αＳｉＯ２）及少量粘土矿物等，含铁量在５０％左右，难溶物含量在２０％左右。上海药店的磁石晶粒尺寸为８１ｎｍ，比表面积为１４３×１０５ｃｍ２／ｇ，南通药店的磁石晶粒尺寸为１８３ｎｍ，比表面积为６３３×１０４ｃｍ２／ｇ。
The main elements, phase, grain size, and specific surface area of medicinal magnets purchased from two pharmacies in Shanghai and Nantong were determined by X-ray diffractometry combined with atomic emission spectroscopy. Total iron in magnets was determined by chemical analysis. The content of insoluble and insoluble materials was measured and observed by thermal analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The test results show that the processed magnet has a coral-like skeleton morphology, and the main phase is magnetite (Fe3O4), followed by hematite (Fe2O3), quartz (α-SiO2) and a small amount of clay minerals, etc. The amount is about 50%, and the insoluble content is about 20%. The pharmacy of Shanghai has a magnetite crystallite size of 81 nm and a specific surface area of 143×105 cm 2 /g. Nantong pharmacy has a magnetite crystallite size of 183 nm and a specific surface area of 633×10 4 cm 2 /g.