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目的探讨“Y”形软骨损伤后骨骺早闭对髋关节发育的影响。方法选用10只4~5周龄大白兔,切除、破坏右侧髋臼部分“Y”形软骨,左侧髋关节不行处理,作为对照。X线动态观察双侧髋关节发育状况,术后12周处死动物,进行形态学及组织学观察。结果手术侧术后3周“Y”形软骨均出现骨骺早闭,髋臼内壁增厚、髋臼变浅;术后6~9周髋臼浅且形态不规则,4例出现半脱位;术后12周全部出现关节发育不良,50%的髋关节发生半脱位。形态学观察见髋臼变浅,内壁厚度增加,股骨头增大、变扁,关节软骨失去光泽,部分缺失。HE染色见髋臼及股骨头软骨层变薄,软骨细胞排列紊乱,骺板扭曲、变薄。对照侧各髋关节形态结构正常。手术侧各期臼头指数、相对髋臼指数及臼壁厚度与对照侧相比差异均有显著性意义(P<0.05)。手术侧术后12周臼头指数及相对髋臼指数与术后第2d相比差异有非常显著性意义(P<0.01)。结论“Y”形软骨损伤可导致骨桥形成、骨骺早闭,使髋臼内壁增厚、髋臼变浅,继而引发髋关节发育不良和半脱位。
Objective To investigate the effect of early epiphyseal epiphysis on the development of hip joint after “Y” shaped cartilage injury. Methods Ten rabbits (4 ~ 5 weeks old) were selected and resected to destroy the “Y” shaped cartilage in the right acetabulum. The left hip joint was not treated as a control. X-ray dynamic observation of bilateral hip development, 12 weeks after the operation of animals were sacrificed for morphological and histological observation. Results The “epiphyseal” cartilage of the “Y” shaped cartilage showed thickening of the acetabulum and thickening of the acetabulum at 3 weeks after operation. The acetabulum was shallow and irregular in 6 to 9 weeks after operation, and subluxation occurred in 4 cases. After 12 weeks of all occurrence of joint dysplasia, 50% of the hip subluxation. Morphological observation showed shallow acetabulum, wall thickness increases, the femoral head increases, becomes flat, articular cartilage loss of luster, part of the loss. HE staining showed acetabular and femoral head cartilage thinning, chondrocytes arranged disorder, epiphyseal plate twisted, thinning. Control side of the hip shape and structure of normal. There was significant difference in acetabular head index, relative acetabular index and acetabular wall thickness between the sides of the operation side and the control side (P <0.05). There was significant difference in acetabular index and relative acetabular index between the operation side and the 2nd day after surgery (P <0.01). Conclusion “Y” -shaped cartilage injury can lead to the formation of osseous bridge and epiphyseal premature closure. The inner wall of the acetabulum is thickened and the acetabulum is shallow, which then leads to dysplasia and subluxation of the hip.