Novel phosphonated polymer without anhydride formation for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

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Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are regarded as one of the most promising clean energy technology because of their high energy density,silent emission-free operation,and wide applications [1].Recently,anion exchange membrane fuel cells(AEMFCs) has emerged as an alternative to PEMFCs.The drawbacks such as low conductivity and poor alkaline stability in high pH associated with AEMs are eliminated with the development of cur-rent membranes [2-6].
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