【摘 要】
：
水通道蛋白(aquaporins,AQPs)是一组与跨膜水转运相关的四聚体结构的膜通道蛋白家族,自20世纪80年代,由Agre等在人血红细胞上分离纯化获得AQP1之后,目前已经陆续从哺乳动物组
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水通道蛋白(aquaporins,AQPs)是一组与跨膜水转运相关的四聚体结构的膜通道蛋白家族,自20世纪80年代,由Agre等在人血红细胞上分离纯化获得AQP1之后,目前已经陆续从哺乳动物组织中分离得到了13种AQPs(AQP0～AQP12)[1].根据其一级结构及转运功能的不同,将其分成3类[2]:水特异性通道蛋白、水甘油通道蛋白以及超水通道蛋白.AQP4属于水特异性通道蛋白,是分布于中枢神经系统的主要AQPs,介导中枢神经系统水分子的跨膜转运,可能是脑脊液的生成吸收、渗透压的调节、脑水肿的形成及清除等生理、病理过程的分子生物学基础.近来的研究表明,AQP4还可能参与了胶质瘢痕的形成以及神经兴奋性的调节等活动.因此,对AQP4结构与功能的研究将有助于深入理解中枢神经系统的病理生理活动,并为临床治疗提供新的途径和方法.本文就AQP4与中枢神经系统的关系作一综述.
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