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经过二战的欧洲已是一片废墟,许多较大的档案馆都被摧毁,因此战后欧洲档案工作者不得不开始重建他们各国的档案馆和档案管理体制。当时许多国家,包括德国,意大利以及中欧、东欧的一些国家,都对它们各国的宪法和法规进行了巨大的变革,这些变革大大影响甚至更改了它们的档案组织机构的建制。同时,20世纪六七十年代对世界产生重大影响的科技和心理学上的进步也促进了欧洲的变革。 在描述国家档案管理体制时,习惯上区分为“集中制”和“分散制”两种。然而,这种区分不是很准确的,这是因为“集中制”总存在着某种程度的“分散”,而“分散制”
After World War II Europe was in ruins and many of the larger archives were destroyed, postwar European archivists had to start rebuilding archives and file management systems in their respective countries. At that time, many countries, including Germany, Italy, and some countries in Central and Eastern Europe, made drastic changes in the constitutions and laws of their respective countries. Such changes have greatly affected or even changed the organizational structure of their archives. At the same time, advances in science and technology and psychology, which had a significant impact on the world in the 1960s and 1970s, also contributed to the change in Europe. In describing the national archives management system, it is customary to distinguish between “centralized system” and “decentralized system”. However, this distinction is not very accurate because there is always some degree of “fragmentation” in “centralized systems,” while “decentralized”