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目的评估武汉市40~65岁妇女自然绝经过程中绝经相关症状的发生及影响因素。方法选取2014年4~10月武汉市参加年度健康体检、年龄40~65岁的956名妇女为调查对象,采用问卷形式调查妇女的基本信息、月经状况、运动锻炼情况、重要躯体疾病以及围绝经期相关症状,用Greene评分法评估绝经症状,分析绝经症状的发生情况及影响因素。结果月经不规律妇女出现的得分高的前五位绝经相关症状是:感到疲惫或精力不足、失眠、感到头晕或无力、潮热、肌肉或关节酸痛(P<0.05);得分高的常见的症候群是:焦虑症状、躯体症状、抑郁症状和血管舒缩症状(P<0.05)。绝经后妇女出现的得分高的绝经症状是:失眠、潮热、感到疲倦或精力不足和肌肉关节酸痛(P<0.05);常见症候群是血管舒缩症状和性生活问题(P<0.05)。躯体疾病对5种绝经症候群均有显著影响(P<0.05);40~50岁者较61~65岁者更易有抑郁症状(P<0.05);体质量指数增加更易有血管舒缩症状(P<0.05)。结论绝经症状在绝经的各个阶段侧重表现不同,慢性躯体疾病是绝经症状的不良影响因素。
Objective To evaluate the incidence and influencing factors of menopausal symptoms in women aged 40-65 years in Wuhan. Methods A total of 956 women aged from 40 to 65 who participated in the annual physical examination in Wuhan from April to October 2014 were selected as the survey subjects. The questionnaires were used to survey the basic information of women, their menstrual status, exercise training, important physical diseases and perimenopause Related symptoms, evaluate the menopausal symptoms by Greene score and analyze the incidence and influencing factors of menopausal symptoms. Results The top five menopausal symptoms associated with irregular menstruation were high fatigue, lack of energy, insomnia, dizziness or weakness, hot flashes, muscle or joint soreness (P <0.05), high-grade common symptoms Yes: Anxiety, somatic, depressive symptoms and vasomotor symptoms (P <0.05). Menopausal women with high scores of menopausal symptoms are: insomnia, hot flashes, feeling tired or lack of energy and muscle and joint pain (P <0.05); common syndromes are vasomotor symptoms and sexual problems (P <0.05). Body disease had significant effects on five kinds of menopausal syndromes (P <0.05). Depression was more common in the 40-50 years old than those in the 61-65 years (P <0.05). The increase in body mass index was more likely to have vasomotor symptoms <0.05). Conclusions Menopausal symptoms are characterized by different manifestations at various stages of menopause. Chronic somatic diseases are the adverse factors of menopausal symptoms.