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汉语词汇自身缺乏表现其词性与功能的系统的形态标志 ,但语言追求功能与形式的统一、提高认知效率的共同特征 ,促使其不断以语音、字形、构词等方式显示其词语的功能变化。汉语的词义与词性有着紧密的关系 ,这种“兼类”的形成具有语义与语法的双重动因 :从表层上看 ,是词性与功能的转化 ;从深层上分析 ,是义位在语言中的运转 ,是词语所含义素地位的变化。原始义位所含或潜隐的深层语义特征是词语兼类的内在原因。
Chinese lexicon itself lacks the systematic morphological sign of its part of speech and function. However, the pursuit of the unity of function and form by language and the common feature of improving cognition efficiency make it continually display the functional changes of its words in phonetics, glyphs and word formation . The semantic meaning of Chinese is closely related to part of speech. This formation of “concurrent” has the dual motivation of semantics and grammar: on the surface, it is the transformation of part of speech and function; from the deeper level of analysis, Operation, is the meaning of words contained in the change of status. The deep semantic features contained or hidden in the original sememe are the internal causes of the same kind of words.