“Why don’t you read this?[你为什么不读这个?]”这句话,并不是要你解释你为什么不读这篇文章,而是用这种说法请你读这篇文章。这实际上就是一种所谓“间接言语行为”(indirect speech act)。在“How long have you been in London?[你在伦敦住多久啦?]和“How long are you in London?[你在伦敦住多久?]之间的区别之一是:说话人在说第一句话时的前提是对方当时在伦敦;而说第二句话时就不一定是这样了,这时的情况也许是正计划到伦敦观光。这些事实,你可能很清楚,但你的学生是否总是清楚的呢?如果不清楚,请你听我说下去。我在这里正想说明这些问题是怎样同语用学发生关系的。语用学是语言学里比较新的一 “Why do not you read this? [Why do not you read this?]” This sentence does not mean that you explain why you did not read this article. Instead, I ask you to read this article. This is actually a so-called “indirect speech act.” One of the differences between “How long have you been in London? [How long have you been in London?”] And "How long have you in London? [How long have you been in London?]: The speaker is talking first The premise of the sentence is that the other party was in London at the time, but the second sentence is not necessarily the case, then the situation may be planning a sightseeing in London. These facts, you may be very clear, but your students are always clear? If you do not know, please listen to me. Here I am trying to explain how these problems relate to pragmatics. Pragmatics is a relatively new one in linguistics