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圆锥角膜是一种常见、非炎症性、双眼发病的角膜扩张性疾病 ,以中央部角膜变薄、瘢痕形成为特征 ,严重影响视力 ,病因至今不十分明确 ,可能是多因素的 ,如胶原学说、遗传学说、上皮学说等。目前最新的研究致力于圆锥角膜病的基因研究 ,并认为是主要的病因之一。实验室研究表明 ,酶和蛋白酶抑制因子的降解、白细胞介素 - 1系统在发病机制中扮演重要角色 ,但仍有待于进一步研究。圆锥角膜的临床表现十分典型 ,但要早期诊断需借助角膜地形图。角膜接触镜是最普遍的治疗形式 ,当患者不能接受接触镜时 ,穿透性角膜移植是最佳的也是最有效的选择。
Keratoconus is a common, noninflammatory and binocular corneal dilatation disease characterized by thinning of the cornea and scar formation in the central part, which seriously affects eyesight. The etiology of the keratoconus is not yet clear enough and may be multifactorial, such as collagen theory , Genetics, epithelial theory and so on. The latest research is focused on the genetics of keratoconjunctivitis and is considered one of the major causes. Laboratory studies show that the degradation of enzymes and protease inhibitors, interleukin - 1 system plays an important role in the pathogenesis, but remains to be further studied. Keratoconus clinical manifestations are very typical, but to early diagnosis with corneal topography. Contact lenses are the most common form of treatment and penetrating keratoplasty is the best and most effective option when patients can not accept contact lenses.